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শুক্রবার, ২৬ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

Here's Your New and Improved Hundred Dollar Bill

The Federal Reserve is making it rain new hundred dollar bills on October 8, 2013. They're more colorful, more secure, and easier to authenticate, but harder to replicate. Here's everything that's changed. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/Sv24EyDZMa0/heres-your-new-and-improved-hundred-dollar-bill

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Longer days bring 'winter blues' -- for rats, not humans

Apr. 25, 2013 ? Most of us are familiar with the "winter blues," the depression-like symptoms known as "seasonal affective disorder," or SAD, that occurs when the shorter days of winter limit our exposure to natural light and make us more lethargic, irritable and anxious. But for rats it's just the opposite.

Biologists at UC San Diego have found that rats experience more anxiety and depression when the days grow longer. More importantly, they discovered that the rat's brain cells adopt a new chemical code when subjected to large changes in the day and night cycle, flipping a switch to allow an entirely different neurotransmitter to stimulate the same part of the brain.

Their surprising discovery, detailed in the April 26 issue of Science, demonstrates that the adult mammalian brain is much more malleable than was once thought by neurobiologists. Because rat brains are very similar to human brains, their finding also provides a greater insight into the behavioral changes in our brain linked to light reception. And it opens the door for new ways to treat brain disorders such as Parkinson's, caused by the death of dopamine-generating cells in the brain.

The neuroscientists discovered that rats exposed for one week to 19 hours of darkness and five hours of light every day had more nerve cells making dopamine, which made them less stressed and anxious when measured using standardized behavioral tests. Meanwhile, rats exposed for a week with the reverse -- 19 hours of light and five hours of darkness -- had more neurons synthesizing the neurotransmitter somatostatin, making them more stressed and anxious.

"We're diurnal and rats are nocturnal," said Nicholas Spitzer, a professor of biology at UC San Diego and director of the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind. "So for a rat, it's the longer days that produce stress, while for us it's the longer nights that create stress."

Because rats explore and search for food at night, while humans evolved as creatures who hunt and forage during the daylight hours, such differences in brain chemistry and behavior make sense. Evolutionary changes presumably favored humans who were more active gatherers of food during the longer days of summer and saved their energy during the shorter days of winter.

"Light is what wakes us up and if we feel depressed we go for a walk outside," said Davide Dulcis, a research scientist in Spitzer's laboratory and the first author of the study. "When it's spring, I feel more motivation to do the things I like to do because the days are longer. But for the rat, it's just the opposite. Because rats are nocturnal, they're less stressed at night, which is good because that's when they can spend more time foraging or eating."

But how did our brains change when humans evolved millions of years ago from small nocturnal rodents to diurnal creatures to accommodate those behavioral changes?

"We think that somewhere in the brain there's been a change," said Spitzer. "Sometime in the evolution from rat to human there's been an evolutionary adjustment of circuitry to allow switching of neurotransmitters in the opposite direction in response to the same exposure to a balance of light and dark."

A study published earlier this month in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found some correlation to the light-dark cycle in rats and stress in humans, at least when it comes to people searching on the internet for information in the winter versus the summer about mental illness. Using Google's search data from 2006 to 2010, a team of researchers led by John Ayers of San Diego State University found that mental health searches on Google were, in general, 14 percent higher in the winter in the United States and 11 percent higher in the Australian winter.

"Now that we know that day length can switch transmitters and change behavior, there may be a connection," said Spitzer.

In their rat experiments, the UC San Diego neuroscientists found that the switch in transmitter synthesis in the rat's brain cells from dopamine to somatostatin or back again was not due to the growth of new neurons, but to the ability of the same neurons there to produce different neurotransmitters.

Rats exposed to 19 hours of darkness every 24 hours during the week showed higher numbers of dopamine neurons within their brains and were more likely, the researchers found, to explore the open end of an elevated maze, a behavioral test showing they were less anxious. These rats were also more willing to swim, another laboratory test that showed they were less stressed.

"Because rats are nocturnal animals, they like to explore during the night and dopamine is a key part of our and their reward system," said Spitzer. "It's part of what allows them to be confident and reduce anxiety."

The researchers said they don't know precisely how this neurotransmitter switch works. Nor do they know what proportion of light and darkness or stress triggers this switch in brain chemistry. "Is it 50-50? Or 80 percent light versus dark and 20 percent stress? We don't know," added Spitzer. "If we just stressed the animal and didn't change their photoperiod, would that lead to changes in transmitter identity? We don't know, but those are all doable experiments."

But as they learn more about this trigger mechanism, they said one promising avenue for human application might be to use this neurotransmitter switch to deliver dopamine effectively to parts of the brain that no longer receive dopamine in Parkinson's patients.

"We could switch to a parallel pathway to put dopamine where it's needed with fewer side effects than pharmacological agents," said Dulcis.

The other researchers involved in the study, which was funded by grants from the Ellison Medical Foundation, were Pouya Jamshidi and Stefan Leutgeb of UC San Diego.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - San Diego.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

D. Dulcis, P. Jamshidi, S. Leutgeb, N. C. Spitzer. Neurotransmitter Switching in the Adult Brain Regulates Behavior. Science, 2013; 340 (6131): 449 DOI: 10.1126/science.1234152

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/jWxZHMiyj5c/130425142430.htm

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Realogy Demonstrates Continued Support of the ... - Franchising.com

April 25, 2013 // Franchising.com // MADISON, N.J. - More than two dozen speakers and panelists affiliated with Realogy Holdings Corp. (NYSE: RLGY), a global leader in real estate franchising and provider of real estate brokerage, relocation and settlement services, presented at the Asian Real Estate Association of America?s (AREAA) Global Summit in Honolulu, where 400 attendees from 13 countries were in attendance from April 21-23.

?We welcomed our affiliated brokers who joined us from around the world and, of course, locally from the beautiful islands of Hawaii,? said Tanya Reu, a senior vice president of human resources at Realogy and the AREAA conference chair. ?This event provided attendees with market knowledge, business development opportunities and new relationships to better serve the Asian-American community.?

Below is a list of Realogy-affiliated speakers who presented at the Summit:

? Alex Perriello, President & CEO, Realogy Franchise Group, Panelist, Opening General Session
? Rick Davidson, President & CEO, Century 21 Real Estate, Panelist, Closing General Session
? Philip White, President & CEO, Sotheby?s International Realty Affiliates, Panelist, ?Lifestyles of the Rich and Asian? and speaker at the ?Global Congress?
? Sherry Chris, President & CEO, Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate, Speaker, Opening General Session and Panelist, ?Building a Brokerage of the Future?

?Doing Business in Asia and Around the World? speakers included:

? Ronald Wang, CENTURY 21 Taiwan
? David Carson, Sotheby?s International Realty Canada
? Ryan Lee, CENTURY 21 South Korea
? Kunihiko Omata, CENTURY 21 Mongolia
? Michael Pallier, Sydney Sotheby?s International Realty
? Rick Davidson, Century 21 Real Estate
? Philip White, Sotheby?s International Realty Affiliates

?Business Roundtables? speakers included:

? Rob Mehta, Coldwell Banker Burnet, Minneapolis, Minn.
? Mark Foreman, Century 21 Real Estate
? Brian Krueger, Coldwell Banker Premier Realty, Las Vegas (moderator)
? Christophe Choo, Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage, Beverly Hills, Calif.
? Tina Mak, Coldwell Banker Westburn Realty, Vancouver
? Kathy Korte, Sotheby?s International Realty, Inc., New York City

?Leading Cities Around the World? speakers included:

? C. Brian Rushton, CENTURY 21 Canada
? Ed Krafchow, Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate Mason-McDuffie, Pleasanton, Calif.
? Dean Jones, Realogics Sotheby?s International Realty, Seattle
? Brett Dickinson, Pacific Sotheby?s International Realty, La Jolla, Calif.
? Jerry Huang, The Corcoran Group, New York City

? Brian Krueger, Coldwell Banker Premier Realty, Las Vegas, Panelist, ?Growing Commercial Real Estate Opportunities?
? Christophe Choo, Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage, Beverly Hills, Calif., Panelist, ?The Secret to Luxury Listings?
? Kathy Korte, Sotheby?s International Realty Inc., New York City, Panelist, ?The Secret to Luxury Listings?
? Tina Mak, Coldwell Banker Westburn Realty, Vancouver, Panelist, ?How to Reach the Global Consumer?
? Sin-Yi Lambertson, ERA Yes Real Estate, Glendora, Calif., Panelist, ?How to Reach the Global Consumer?
? Herman Chan, Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate Mason-McDuffie, Berkeley, Calif., Panelist, ?Top Agent Panel?

Realogy?s continued involvement with AREAA and its efforts on other diversity-related initiatives are highlighted in the Realogy 2012 Diversity & Community Outreach Report. Founded in 2003, AREAA is a nonprofit professional trade organization dedicated to promoting sustainable homeownership opportunities in Asian American communities by creating a powerful national voice for housing and real estate professionals that serve this dynamic market. More information can be found at www.areaa.org.

About Realogy Holdings Corp.

Realogy Holdings Corp. (NYSE: RLGY) is a global leader in residential real estate franchising with company-owned residential real estate brokerage operations doing business under its franchise systems as well as relocation and title services. Realogy's brands and business units include Better Homes and Gardens? Real Estate, CENTURY 21?, Coldwell Banker?, Coldwell Banker Commercial?, The Corcoran Group?, ERA?, Sotheby's International Realty?, NRT LLC, Cartus and Title Resource Group. Collectively, Realogy's franchise system members operate approximately 13,600 offices with 238,900 independent sales associates doing business in 102 countries around the world. Realogy is headquartered at 175 Park Avenue in Madison, N.J.

SOURCE?Realogy Holdings Corp.

Media Contact:

Kathy Borruso
973 407-5041
Kathy.borruso@realogy.com

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Tips to Help You Quit Smoking | Nil2Million

Give Yourself a Powerful Motivator

Most people want to quit smoking to be healthier. Some want to quit so that they can save money. These are good reasons to quit, but they clearly weren?t strong enough to work in the past.

You need to have much more powerful motivating reasons to quit smoking. You may want to think about a family member who is suffering from emphysema. You can also think about how your family members are breathing second hand smoke and decide that you don?t want to do that to them.

Finding a strong motivating factor is the best way to help you kick the habit.

Don?t Try Going Cold Turkey

Most people who try to quit smoking try going cold turkey. Unfortunately, only 5% of them are able to quit without having a relapse.

You should seek therapy or medication to help you fight your addiction. Speak with your doctor and see what options they recommend. You may also want to try finding something else that you can substitute your addiction with, such as sunflower seeds or a disposable electronic cigarette.

Plan for Emotional Phases

The nicotine in cigarettes increases the level of dopamine in the brain. Quitting smoking causes dopamine levels to drop, which is why most people suffer from depression or mood swings. You need to recognize that you will have these problems and prepare for them accordingly.

Try to do so without a crutch that you will lose when it is taken away. Some people depend on having a friend that can be there to support them through the addiction. That can be risky if the friend is a reformed smoker themselves because they could trigger your addictions if they go back to smoking or talk about cravings they are suffering from.

A better solution is to find a positive activity that brings fulfillment for you. A new hobby or achieving a fitness goal may help you.

Don?t be discouraged by the number of people who fail to quit smoking each year. Most of these people failed because they didn?t have a plan that could help them quit successfully. You are not a statistic. Create a solid plan to help you quit smoking and you will be able to do so successfully.

About the author: Kalen is a health writer who shares tips on diet, fitness and nutrition. He also shares advice on overcoming addictions, such as using electronic cigarettes from http://www.whitecloudelectroniccigarettes.com/.

বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৫ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

@BillClinton Officially Joins Twitter, Ditches @PrezBillyJeff

The 42nd President of the United States and the man with the most endearing lip bite in the world, William Jefferson Clinton, has officially jumped into the 21st century by joining Twitter. The Prez has already racked up over 200,000 followers in roughly 30 minutes and brought his lovable charm in under 140 characters. "@StephenAtHome Just got a call from Chelsea. Ready to start Twitter lessons tonight," he wrote to comedian Steven Colbert, who had attempted to persuade Clinton to join Twitter under the name @PrezBillyJeff during an interview earlier this month (video below).

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/t8NcFbHxoh4/

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A simple solution to air pollution from wood-burning cookstoves

Apr. 24, 2013 ? Billions of people worldwide burn animal dung, crop residues, wood and charcoal to cook their meals. And the chemicals produced and inhaled sicken or kill millions. At particular risk are women who prepare their families' food and children 5-years-old or younger.

Up to now, most interventions have focused on improving the cookstove to lower emissions. And that would be fine, if there were enough improved cookstoves to go around. But there aren't. In 2012, only 2.5 million improved cookstoves were distributed, improving the household air pollution situation for exactly one-half of 1 percent of the world's biomass burners.

So an interdisciplinary team of Michigan Technological University students took a different tack. They decided to look for ways to improve the cooking environment, not just the stove. And they found a low-cost, highly effective way to reduce the impact of cooking over biomass fires without designing and installing high-tech, costly stoves.

Better ventilation.

The cookstove project was born in small town on the Guatemalan border with Mexico, where Michigan Tech environmental engineering graduate student Kelli Whelan was working on an Engineers Without Borders project. She noticed that the kitchen of a family who had built an attic to insulate their house from a hot aluminum roof was much cooler than others she had visited, although they all used the same kind of wood-burning cookstove.

"That made me wonder if the temperature difference helped clear the smoke out, either by a draft or the greater temperature differential between the fire and the surrounding space," she explains.

When she returned to Michigan Tech, Whelan and several fellow environmental engineering graduate students started work on a project to explore the situation. They built both a working model of a biomass cookstove and a computer model to test different kitchen and cooking conditions.

After receiving the EPA P3 grant, they surveyed Peace Corps Master's International and Pavlis Global Technological Leadership Institute students at Tech who had worked in countries where biomass-burning cookstoves are used. They also conducted more physical and computational model tests, 57 of them, testing for the presence and transport of particulate matter, carbon monoxide and carbon, as well as comparing wind speed, temperature, humidity, roofing materials, wall height, cookstove placement and windows and doors open or closed.

"Our focus was not on ventilation, but on trying to determine which factors really influence the air quality in a kitchen and which do not," said Whelan.

They discovered that ventilation is very important. "The improved cookstoves, which are supposed to reduce emissions, actually made the air quality worse under completely enclosed conditions," she said. "In contrast, we saw the greatest reduction in ambient particulate matter and carbon monoxide with an improved cookstove and with windows and doors open."

They also learned that not all ventilation helps. "Having two windows open on opposite ends of the kitchen was best, whereas having all the windows and doors open was worse," Whelan said. "This is because having all outlets open creates turbulence inside the kitchen, and the smoke is not forced out."

The Michigan Tech students took the results of their field and computer modeling analysis of cookstove air pollution to the EPA Sustainable Design Expo in Washington, DC, last week.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Michigan Technological University, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/ya1upMZgLtM/130424132635.htm

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বুধবার, ২৪ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

Infants' sweat response predicts aggressive behavior as toddlers

Apr. 23, 2013 ? Infants who sweat less in response to scary situations at age 1 show more physical and verbal aggression at age 3, according to new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

Lower levels of sweat, as measured by skin conductance activity (SCA), have been linked with conduct disorder and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. Researchers hypothesize that aggressive children may not experience as strong of an emotional response to fearful situations as their less aggressive peers do; because they have a weaker fear response, they are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior.

Psychological scientist Stephanie van Goozen of Cardiff University and colleagues wanted to know whether the link between low SCA and aggressive behaviors could be observed even as early as infancy.

To investigate this, the researchers attached recording electrodes to infants' feet at age 1 and measured their skin conductance at rest, in response to loud noises, and after encountering a scary remote-controlled robot. They also collected data on their aggressive behaviors at age 3, as rated by the infants' mothers.

The results revealed that 1 year-old infants with lower SCA at rest and during the robot encounter were more physically and verbally aggressive at age 3.

Interestingly, SCA was the only factor in the study that predicted later aggression. The other measures taken at infancy -- mothers' reports of their infants' temperament, for instance -- did not predict aggression two years later.

These findings suggest that while a physiological measure (SCA) taken in infancy predicts aggression, mothers' observations do not.

"This runs counter to what many developmental psychologists would expect, namely that a mother is the best source of information about her child," van Goozen notes.

At the same time, this research has important implications for intervention strategies:

"These findings show that it is possible to identify at-risk children long before problematic behavior is readily observable," van Goozen concludes. "Identifying precursors of disorder in the context of typical development can inform the implementation of effective prevention programs and ultimately reduce the psychological and economic costs of antisocial behavior to society."

Co-authors on this research include Erika Baker, Katherine Shelton, Eugenia Baibazarova, and Dale Hay of Cardiff University.

This research was supported by studentships from the School of Psychology, Cardiff University, and by a grant from the Medical Research Council.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Association for Psychological Science.

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Journal Reference:

E. Baker, K. H. Shelton, E. Baibazarova, D. F. Hay, S. H. M. van Goozen. Low Skin Conductance Activity in Infancy Predicts Aggression in Toddlers 2 Years Later. Psychological Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1177/0956797612465198

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/RDqcrJSHhhk/130423135714.htm

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শুক্রবার, ২৬ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

Here's Your New and Improved Hundred Dollar Bill

Longer days bring 'winter blues' -- for rats, not humans

Realogy Demonstrates Continued Support of the ... - Franchising.com

Below is a list of Realogy-affiliated speakers who presented at the Summit:

?Doing Business in Asia and Around the World? speakers included:

?Business Roundtables? speakers included:

?Leading Cities Around the World? speakers included:

About Realogy Holdings Corp.

Media Contact:

Social Reach:

Viewer Response:

Tips to Help You Quit Smoking | Nil2Million

Give Yourself a Powerful Motivator

Don?t Try Going Cold Turkey

Plan for Emotional Phases

বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৫ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

@BillClinton Officially Joins Twitter, Ditches @PrezBillyJeff

A simple solution to air pollution from wood-burning cookstoves

বুধবার, ২৪ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

Infants' sweat response predicts aggressive behavior as toddlers

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